Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the respiratory and digestive systems. The severity and specific symptoms can vary from person to person, but common signs and symptoms of CF may include:
Respiratory Symptoms:
- Persistent cough, often with thick mucus.
- Frequent lung infections, such as pneumonia or bronchitis.
- Wheezing or shortness of breath.
- Reduced exercise tolerance.
- Clubbing of fingers and toes (enlarged fingertips and toenails).
Digestive Symptoms:
- Pancreatic insufficiency, leading to poor digestion and nutrient absorption. This can result in:
- Foul-smelling, greasy stools.
- Nutritional deficiencies.
- Poor weight gain or growth in children.
- Intestinal blockages due to thick mucus, which can cause abdominal pain, distension, and constipation.
Other Symptoms:
- Salt loss through sweat, which can lead to electrolyte imbalances and dehydration.
- Nasal polyps (noncancerous growths in the nasal passages).
- Sinus infections.
- Infertility in males (due to congenital absence or blockage of the vas deferens).
- Increased susceptibility to osteoporosis.
- Diabetes (CF-related diabetes).
It’s important to note that CF symptoms can range from mild to severe, and not all individuals with CF will experience every symptom. The severity of the disease is influenced by the specific genetic mutations a person has. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to manage the condition and improve the quality of life for individuals with CF. Treatment often involves a combination of medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes to help manage symptoms and complications. Patients with CF may work closely with a specialized healthcare team to develop an individualized treatment plan.